Petroleum Products
Diesel Fuel
In today's modern world, one of the most important fuels for mankind is diesel fuel. Gas Oil, also known as diesel fuel, is a combustible liquid that is used as fuel for diesel engines and is usually obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil.
In diesel engines, fuel does not burn with sparks, as in gasoline engines, but with the heat of compressed air in the cylinder. Diesel fuel relative to the same volume Gasoline releases more energy during combustion, so diesel engines generally produce better energy than gasoline engines.
History of diesel production
The inventor of diesel was a German scientist named Rudolf Diesel. Before the oil industry started refining diesel, Rudolph experimented with biodiesel as well as coal dust.
Currently, diesel fuel is very popular and diesel engines have also made significant progress. The most important feature of these engines is the use of a compressor to ignite the fuel. In addition, their higher thermodynamic efficiency and thus fuel efficiency has led to an increase in its use in various industries.
Diesel fuel refining
Diesel fuel requires fewer refining steps to produce than gasoline, so diesel retail prices are traditionally lower than gasoline depending on location, season, taxes, and regulations. To get more information about this high consumption fuel, stay with us in the rest of the article. In this article, we will examine its features and specifications.
Types of diesel fuel
In addition to traditional diesel produced from oil refining, synthetic diesel or Fischer-Tropsch diesel can also be produced from natural gas, synthetic gas derived from coal, or biogas from biomass. Also, biodiesel is a biofuel that can be produced primarily from oil plants such as soy or palm. These alternative diesel fuels can be mixed with traditional diesel fuel or used alone in diesel engines without modification because they produce very little sulfur.
Alternative diesel fuels are often proposed as a means of reducing dependence on oil and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and only biodiesel can provide benefits to the CO2 cycle.
Diesel fuel quality
The main measure of diesel fuel quality is cetane number. The cetane number is a measure of the delay in the ignition of diesel fuel. The higher the cetane number, the faster and easier the combustion of the fuel when spraying in compressed air. The European standard of diesel fuel (EN 590) has a minimum cetane number of 51. Diesel fuel is more efficient than gasoline because it contains 10% more energy per gallon than gasoline.
However, diesel fuel has more limited types, which include:
Standard diesel fuel (sometimes called diesel oil) of two main grades: Diesel #1 (or 1-D) and Diesel #2 (or 2-D)
The higher the cetane number, the more volatile the fuel. Most diesel vehicles use 40 to grade- 55 fuel.
Applications of diesel in industries
Definitely, due to the many features and positive points that exist in diesel, it can be applied for many different industrial uses. There are some positive and significant features of this valuable fuel, which have made it more popular than ever. This product is a practical, environmentally friendly, and durable fuel. Diesel fuel plays a vital role in strengthening the global economy and standard of living.
The main uses of diesel fuel are:
- road transportation
- Non-road transportation (eg, mining, construction)
- agriculture
- railroad transportation
- Maritime Transportation
- making electricity
- Military transport
- Application as a mechanical engine
- Use as an electricity generator
- Use as a motion drive
- Use in the construction industry
- Use in mines
- Major use in most hospitals and homes (Electric generators that work with diesel are very useful in this field.)
Miscellaneous uses of diesel
- Diesel engines that work based on diesel fuel are used in many devices, machines, and farm equipment around the world.
- Asphalting roads, transportation, and moving steel beams in buildings are all done with the help of this type of fuel.
- In terms of environmental health and performance quality, diesel is one of the best fuels used in transportation, and everyone has complete confidence in it.
- One of the other interesting points of diesel, which has received much attention compared to other fuels, is the low percentage of explosion and ignition in it. This means that this type of fuel can be used in military equipment and machinery such as tanks or trucks.
Sale and export of Iranian diesel fuel
The most important countries that buy diesel from Iran are Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iraq, and Turkey. Also, East Asian countries and Arab countries, especially China and India, have major customers in this sector. Iran, which is considered one of the largest and oldest producers and exporters of natural gas in the world, has a suitable export market for liquid gas, and in recent years, this country has been able to improve its position in the world markets even more.
According to the statistics of the FGE Consulting Institute, Iran’s diesel export reached 95,000 barrels per day in the last quarter of 2019, which is more than 80% more than the previous quarter and 4 times more than the first quarter of the year.
The difference between diesel and gasoline
Diesel and regular gasoline are both produced from crude oil, but their refining methods are different. In principle, diesel is easier to refine than gasoline, however, it has more pollutants. Diesel produces more energy per liter than gasoline and the combustion process of the car engine is more efficient using it and it has higher efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. The color of diesel is darker than gasoline, and buying diesel is cheaper than gasoline.
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